Elektronske komponente so kot LEGO kocke vseh elektronskih naprav -... Show more
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Updated Apr 20, 2026
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Osnovne elektronske komponente in njihova uporaba
1 / 10
Osnove in ključni pojmi
Napetost, tok in upornost so tri najboljše prijatelje v elektroniki. Napetost (U) je kot tlak v vodi - žene elektroni naprej in jo merimo v voltih. Tok (I) je gibanje elektronov po žici, merjen v amperih. Upornost (R) pa je kot ozka cev, ki upočasni pretok - merimo jo v ohmih.
Ohmov zakon je tvoja najljubša formula: U = I × R. To moraš znati na pamet! S to formulo rešiš večino nalog iz elektronike.
Komponente delimo na pasivne in aktivne . Aktivne komponente so narejene iz polprevodnikov in so bolj "pametne".
💡 Nasvet: Ohmov zakon si zapomni z "UIR" - kot "u, ir" (gremo). U = I × R!
Upor in kondenzator
Upor je najpreprosteša komponenta - njegova edina naloga je zavirati tok. Električno energijo pretvarja v toploto, zato se včasih segreje. Vrednost prebereš iz barvnih črt na ohišju (to se moraš naučiti za laboratorij).
Upore uporabljamo za zaščito občutljivih komponent pred prevelikim tokom in za nastavljanje napetosti. Brez upora bi LED dioda "pogorela" takoj!
Kondenzator je kot majhna baterija, ki se hitro polni in prazni. Sestavljen je iz dveh kovinskih plošč, ločenih z izolatorjem. Kapacitivnost merimo v faradih, a ker je farad ogromna enota, v praksi uporabljamo mikrofarade (µF).
Kondenzatorji so odlični za filtriranje - iz "tresočega" toka naredijo gladek tok. Enosmerni tok blokirajo, izmeničnega pa prepuščajo.
⚠️ Pozor: Nekateri kondenzatorji imajo polariteto - če jih obrneš narobe, lahko eksplodirajo!
Tuljava in dioda
Tuljava je navita žica, ki shranjuje energijo v magnetnem polju. Ko skušaš spremeniti tok skozi tuljavo, se ta "upira" - to se imenuje induktivnost. Merimo jo v henryjih.
Tuljave so ključne za transformatorje (spreminjanje napetosti) in filtre za ločevanje različnih frekvenc. V kombinaciji s kondenzatorji naredijo močne filtre.
Dioda je kot enosmerni ventil - tok prepusti samo v eno smer. Ima anodo (+) in katodo (-), katoda je na ohišju označena s črto. V pravi smeri vodi tok, v narobe pa ga popolnoma blokira.
Diode uporabljamo v polnilcih za telefone - spremenijo izmenični tok iz vtičnice v enosmerni tok za baterijo. LED diode so posebne diode, ki ob pretoku toka svetijo.
💡 Fora: Puščica v simbolu diode kaže smer, v katero tok lahko teče!
Tranzistor - kralj komponent
Tranzistor je najzanimivejša komponenta - deluje kot pametno stikalo ali ojačevalnik. Z majhnim tokom na bazi (B) krmiliš velik tok med kolektorjem (C) in emitorjem (E).
To je kot da z majhnim pritiskom na tipko vklopiš motor - tranzistor ti omogoča krmiljenje velikih tokov z majhnimi signali. Obstajata tipa NPN in PNP - razlikujeta se v smeri delovanja.
Tranzistorji so osnova vseh računalnikov - milijarde majhnih tranzistorjev opravljajo logične operacije. V tvoje telefonu jih je več kot ljudi na Zemlji!
Uporabljamo jih kot elektronska stikala in ojačevalnike (ojačevanje signala iz mikrofona).
🤯 Zanimivost: Brez tranzistorja ne bi imeli računalnikov, interneta ali pametnih telefonov!
Praktični primeri in izračuni
Za LED diodo vedno potrebuješ upor! LED na 2V priključiš na 9V baterijo. Napetost na uporu: 9V - 2V = 7V. Pri toku 20mA : R = 7V ÷ 0,02A = 350Ω.
V preprostem vezju z 5V in uporom 1kΩ teče tok: I = 5V ÷ 1000Ω = 0,005A = 5mA. Ohmov zakon deluje vedno!
Polariteta je ključna - elektrolitski kondenzatorji, diode in tranzistorji morajo biti priključeni pravilno, sicer se pokvarijo. Upori, keramični kondenzatorji in tuljave pa nimajo polaritete.
Pred vklopom vezja vedno preveri povezavo! Največkrat se pokvarijo komponente zaradi napačnega vezanja.
📋 Za test: Znaj simbole, Ohmov zakon in funkcijo vsake komponente!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Tehnika
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Osnovne elektronske komponente in njihova uporaba
Elektronske komponente so kot LEGO kocke vseh elektronskih naprav - od telefona do računalnika. Če razumeš, kako deluje teh pet osnovnih komponent, boš razumel skoraj vse elektronske naprave okoli sebe.
Osnove in ključni pojmi
Napetost, tok in upornost so tri najboljše prijatelje v elektroniki. Napetost (U) je kot tlak v vodi - žene elektroni naprej in jo merimo v voltih. Tok (I) je gibanje elektronov po žici, merjen v amperih. Upornost (R) pa je kot ozka cev, ki upočasni pretok - merimo jo v ohmih.
Ohmov zakon je tvoja najljubša formula: U = I × R. To moraš znati na pamet! S to formulo rešiš večino nalog iz elektronike.
Komponente delimo na pasivne in aktivne . Aktivne komponente so narejene iz polprevodnikov in so bolj "pametne".
💡 Nasvet: Ohmov zakon si zapomni z "UIR" - kot "u, ir" (gremo). U = I × R!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Upor in kondenzator
Upor je najpreprosteša komponenta - njegova edina naloga je zavirati tok. Električno energijo pretvarja v toploto, zato se včasih segreje. Vrednost prebereš iz barvnih črt na ohišju (to se moraš naučiti za laboratorij).
Upore uporabljamo za zaščito občutljivih komponent pred prevelikim tokom in za nastavljanje napetosti. Brez upora bi LED dioda "pogorela" takoj!
Kondenzator je kot majhna baterija, ki se hitro polni in prazni. Sestavljen je iz dveh kovinskih plošč, ločenih z izolatorjem. Kapacitivnost merimo v faradih, a ker je farad ogromna enota, v praksi uporabljamo mikrofarade (µF).
Kondenzatorji so odlični za filtriranje - iz "tresočega" toka naredijo gladek tok. Enosmerni tok blokirajo, izmeničnega pa prepuščajo.
⚠️ Pozor: Nekateri kondenzatorji imajo polariteto - če jih obrneš narobe, lahko eksplodirajo!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Tuljava in dioda
Tuljava je navita žica, ki shranjuje energijo v magnetnem polju. Ko skušaš spremeniti tok skozi tuljavo, se ta "upira" - to se imenuje induktivnost. Merimo jo v henryjih.
Tuljave so ključne za transformatorje (spreminjanje napetosti) in filtre za ločevanje različnih frekvenc. V kombinaciji s kondenzatorji naredijo močne filtre.
Dioda je kot enosmerni ventil - tok prepusti samo v eno smer. Ima anodo (+) in katodo (-), katoda je na ohišju označena s črto. V pravi smeri vodi tok, v narobe pa ga popolnoma blokira.
Diode uporabljamo v polnilcih za telefone - spremenijo izmenični tok iz vtičnice v enosmerni tok za baterijo. LED diode so posebne diode, ki ob pretoku toka svetijo.
💡 Fora: Puščica v simbolu diode kaže smer, v katero tok lahko teče!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Tranzistor - kralj komponent
Tranzistor je najzanimivejša komponenta - deluje kot pametno stikalo ali ojačevalnik. Z majhnim tokom na bazi (B) krmiliš velik tok med kolektorjem (C) in emitorjem (E).
To je kot da z majhnim pritiskom na tipko vklopiš motor - tranzistor ti omogoča krmiljenje velikih tokov z majhnimi signali. Obstajata tipa NPN in PNP - razlikujeta se v smeri delovanja.
Tranzistorji so osnova vseh računalnikov - milijarde majhnih tranzistorjev opravljajo logične operacije. V tvoje telefonu jih je več kot ljudi na Zemlji!
Uporabljamo jih kot elektronska stikala in ojačevalnike (ojačevanje signala iz mikrofona).
🤯 Zanimivost: Brez tranzistorja ne bi imeli računalnikov, interneta ali pametnih telefonov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri in izračuni
Za LED diodo vedno potrebuješ upor! LED na 2V priključiš na 9V baterijo. Napetost na uporu: 9V - 2V = 7V. Pri toku 20mA : R = 7V ÷ 0,02A = 350Ω.
V preprostem vezju z 5V in uporom 1kΩ teče tok: I = 5V ÷ 1000Ω = 0,005A = 5mA. Ohmov zakon deluje vedno!
Polariteta je ključna - elektrolitski kondenzatorji, diode in tranzistorji morajo biti priključeni pravilno, sicer se pokvarijo. Upori, keramični kondenzatorji in tuljave pa nimajo polaritete.
Pred vklopom vezja vedno preveri povezavo! Največkrat se pokvarijo komponente zaradi napačnega vezanja.
📋 Za test: Znaj simbole, Ohmov zakon in funkcijo vsake komponente!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user