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Updated Mar 23, 2026

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Osnove racionalnih števil in njihove operacije

Racionalna števila so temelj matematike in jih uporabljamo vsak dan!... Show more

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# Racionalna števila

## Pregled racionalnih števil

Racionalna števila so vsa števila, ki jih lahko zapišemo kot ulomek. Το
vključuje cela

Kaj so racionalna števila?

Predstavljaj si, da razrežeš pico na dele - to so racionalna števila! So vsa števila, ki jih lahko zapišeš kot ulomek $\frac{a}{b}$ , kjer sta $a$ in $b$ celi števili, $b$ pa ni enak 0.

V to skupino spadajo številke, s katerimi se srečuješ ves čas: -5 $ker je $-5 = \frac{-5}{1}$$ , 0,25 $ker je $0,25 = \frac{1}{4}$$ in seveda običajni ulomki kot $\frac{2}{3}$ .

Ulomek ima števec (število nad črto) in imenovalec (število pod črto). Imenovalec pove, na koliko delov razdeliš celoto, števec pa, koliko delov vzameš.

💡 Pomni si: Racionalna števila vključujejo tudi decimalna števila - končna kot 0,5 ali neskončna periodična kot 0,333...

Seštevanje in odštevanje ulomkov

Tukaj je glavno pravilo: ulomke lahko seštevaš samo, če imajo enak imenovalec! Če ga nimajo, moraš najti skupni imenovalec.

Postopek je preprost: najprej poiščeš najmanjši skupni večkratnik imenovalcev, nato razširiš vse ulomke na ta skupni imenovalec. Ko imaš enake imenovalce, sešteješ samo števce.

Poglej primer: $\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{6}$ . Najmanjši skupni imenovalec za 4 in 6 je 12. Prvi ulomek razširiš s 3, drugega z 2: $\frac{9}{12} + \frac{2}{12} = \frac{11}{12}$ .

⚠️ Pozor: Največja napaka je, da sešteješ števce in imenovalce kar tako! $\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}$ ni $\frac{2}{5}$ !

Množenje ulomkov

To je najlažja operacija z ulomki! Preprosto pomnožiš števec s števcem in imenovalec z imenovalcem: $\frac{a}{b} \times \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a \times c}{b \times d}$ .

Vendar preden začneš množiti, vedno poskusi krajšati! To ti prihrani delo z velikimi števili. Krajšaš lahko "navzkrižno" ali "navpično".

Primer: $\frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8}$ . Najprej krajšaj: 4 in 8 deli s 4, 3 in 9 pa s 3. Dobiš $\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{6}$ .

💡 Super trik: Krajšanje pred množenjem je veliko lažje kot računanje $\frac{12}{72}$ in nato krajšanje!

Deljenje ulomkov

Deljenje je množenje z obratno vrednostjo! To je edino pravilo, ki si ga moraš zapomniti. Obratno vrednost ulomka $\frac{a}{b}$ je $\frac{b}{a}$ - preprosto zamenjaš števec in imenovalec.

Formula: $\frac{a}{b} \div \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a}{b} \times \frac{d}{c}$

Primer: $\frac{2}{5} \div \frac{3}{10}$ spremeniš v $\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{10}{3}$ . Nato krajšaš (5 in 10 s 5) in dobiš $\frac{2 \times 2}{1 \times 3} = \frac{4}{3} = 1\frac{1}{3}$ .

🎯 Zapomniti si: Deljenje z ulomkom = množenje z obrnjenim ulomkom!

Sestavljeni izrazi in vrstni red

Pri težjih nalogah moraš paziti na vrstni red operacij: oklepaji, potence, množenje/deljenje, seštevanje/odštevanje. To velja tudi za ulomke!

Če imaš v nalogi ulomke in decimalna števila, je najbolje, da vse pretvoriš v ulomke. Tako se izogneš napakam.

Primer: $1,25 \times \frac{2}{5} + 0,5 $. Pretvori v ulomke:$ \frac{5}{4} \times \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{2}$. Najprej množiš, potem seštevaš.

🔥 Pro nasvet: Če imaš negativne ulomke, veljajo ista pravila kot za pozitivne in negativne številke!

Nasveti za uspeh

Krajšaj, kdarkoli lahko! To je tvoj najboljši prijatelj pri računanju z ulomki. Manjša števila pomenijo manj napak in lažje računanje.

Pri dvojnih ulomkih (ulomek v števcu ali imenovalcu) ulomkovo črto spremeni v deljenje: $\frac{\frac{2}{3}}{\frac{4}{5}} = \frac{2}{3} \div \frac{4}{5}$ .

Predznaki so pomembni! $(-\frac{1}{3}) \times (-\frac{1}{2}) = +\frac{1}{6}$ . Negativno krat negativno je pozitivno.

🏆 Zlato pravilo: Če nisi prepričan o rezultatu, preveri z decimalnimi števili ali z risbo!

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Matematika

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160

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Updated Mar 23, 2026

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6 pages

Osnove racionalnih števil in njihove operacije

Racionalna števila so temelj matematike in jih uporabljamo vsak dan! To so vsa števila, ki jih lahko zapišemo kot ulomek, vključno s celimi števili in decimalnimi števili. Obvladanje računskih operacij z njimi je ključno za uspeh pri matematiki in fiziki.

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Kaj so racionalna števila?

V to skupino spadajo številke, s katerimi se srečuješ ves čas: -5 $ker je $-5 = \frac{-5}{1}$$ , 0,25 $ker je $0,25 = \frac{1}{4}$$ in seveda običajni ulomki kot $\frac{2}{3}$ .

Ulomek ima števec (število nad črto) in imenovalec (število pod črto). Imenovalec pove, na koliko delov razdeliš celoto, števec pa, koliko delov vzameš.

💡 Pomni si: Racionalna števila vključujejo tudi decimalna števila - končna kot 0,5 ali neskončna periodična kot 0,333...

Sign up to see the contentIt's free!

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Seštevanje in odštevanje ulomkov

Tukaj je glavno pravilo: ulomke lahko seštevaš samo, če imajo enak imenovalec! Če ga nimajo, moraš najti skupni imenovalec.

Postopek je preprost: najprej poiščeš najmanjši skupni večkratnik imenovalcev, nato razširiš vse ulomke na ta skupni imenovalec. Ko imaš enake imenovalce, sešteješ samo števce.

Poglej primer: $\frac{3}{4} + \frac{1}{6}$ . Najmanjši skupni imenovalec za 4 in 6 je 12. Prvi ulomek razširiš s 3, drugega z 2: $\frac{9}{12} + \frac{2}{12} = \frac{11}{12}$ .

⚠️ Pozor: Največja napaka je, da sešteješ števce in imenovalce kar tako! $\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}$ ni $\frac{2}{5}$ !

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Množenje ulomkov

To je najlažja operacija z ulomki! Preprosto pomnožiš števec s števcem in imenovalec z imenovalcem: $\frac{a}{b} \times \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a \times c}{b \times d}$ .

Vendar preden začneš množiti, vedno poskusi krajšati! To ti prihrani delo z velikimi števili. Krajšaš lahko "navzkrižno" ali "navpično".

Primer: $\frac{4}{9} \times \frac{3}{8}$ . Najprej krajšaj: 4 in 8 deli s 4, 3 in 9 pa s 3. Dobiš $\frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{6}$ .

💡 Super trik: Krajšanje pred množenjem je veliko lažje kot računanje $\frac{12}{72}$ in nato krajšanje!

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Deljenje ulomkov

Deljenje je množenje z obratno vrednostjo! To je edino pravilo, ki si ga moraš zapomniti. Obratno vrednost ulomka $\frac{a}{b}$ je $\frac{b}{a}$ - preprosto zamenjaš števec in imenovalec.

Formula: $\frac{a}{b} \div \frac{c}{d} = \frac{a}{b} \times \frac{d}{c}$

Primer: $\frac{2}{5} \div \frac{3}{10}$ spremeniš v $\frac{2}{5} \times \frac{10}{3}$ . Nato krajšaš (5 in 10 s 5) in dobiš $\frac{2 \times 2}{1 \times 3} = \frac{4}{3} = 1\frac{1}{3}$ .

🎯 Zapomniti si: Deljenje z ulomkom = množenje z obrnjenim ulomkom!

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Sestavljeni izrazi in vrstni red

Pri težjih nalogah moraš paziti na vrstni red operacij: oklepaji, potence, množenje/deljenje, seštevanje/odštevanje. To velja tudi za ulomke!

Če imaš v nalogi ulomke in decimalna števila, je najbolje, da vse pretvoriš v ulomke. Tako se izogneš napakam.

Primer: $1,25 \times \frac{2}{5} + 0,5 $. Pretvori v ulomke:$ \frac{5}{4} \times \frac{2}{5} + \frac{1}{2}$. Najprej množiš, potem seštevaš.

🔥 Pro nasvet: Če imaš negativne ulomke, veljajo ista pravila kot za pozitivne in negativne številke!

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Access to all documents

Improve your grades

Join milions of students

Nasveti za uspeh

Krajšaj, kdarkoli lahko! To je tvoj najboljši prijatelj pri računanju z ulomki. Manjša števila pomenijo manj napak in lažje računanje.

Pri dvojnih ulomkih (ulomek v števcu ali imenovalcu) ulomkovo črto spremeni v deljenje: $\frac{\frac{2}{3}}{\frac{4}{5}} = \frac{2}{3} \div \frac{4}{5}$ .

Predznaki so pomembni! $(-\frac{1}{3}) \times (-\frac{1}{2}) = +\frac{1}{6}$ . Negativno krat negativno je pozitivno.

🏆 Zlato pravilo: Če nisi prepričan o rezultatu, preveri z decimalnimi števili ali z risbo!

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What is the Knowunity AI companion?

Where can I download the Knowunity app?

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Is Knowunity really free of charge?

That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.

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Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Thomas R

iOS user

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

Elisha

iOS user

Paul T

iOS user

Stefan S

iOS user

Samantha Klich

Android user

Anna

iOS user

Thomas R

iOS user

Brad T

Android user

Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍

David K

iOS user

Sudenaz Ocak

Android user

In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.

Greenlight Bonnie

Android user

Aubrey

iOS user

Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀

Marco B

iOS user

Elisha

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Paul T

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