Priprava raztopin je eden od najvažnejših praktičnih postopkov v kemiji.... Show more
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Updated Apr 14, 2026
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Kako pripraviti raztopine in redčiti koncentrirane raztopine
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Osnove priprave in redčenja raztopin
Priprava raztopin je temelj laboratorijskega dela - brez tega ne moreš narediti skoraj nobenega eksperimenta. Obstajata dva glavna načina: iz čiste snovi (npr. soli) ali z redčenjem močnejše raztopine.
Raztopina je homogena zmes topila (navadno vode) in topljenca (snov, ki jo raztapljamo). Koncentracija pove, koliko topljenca imamo v določeni količini raztopine.
Najpogosteje uporabljamo množinsko koncentracijo in masno koncentracijo . Ne pozabi povezavo: n = m/M, kjer je M molska masa.
Nasvet: Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem - volumen mora biti v litrih!
Priprava raztopine iz trdne snovi
Ko potrebuješ raztopino z določeno koncentracijo, začneš s čisto snovjo in jo raztopiš. Postopek je sistematičen in zahteva natančnost.
Najprej izračunaš potrebno maso s formulo m = c × V × M. Nato stehtaš topljenec na natančni tehtnici in ga raztopiš v čaši z majhno količino destilirane vode.
Ključni korak je prenos v merilno bučko - raztopino previdno preliješ in čašo spereš z vodo. Nato dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake, pri čemer proti koncu dodajaš vodo kapljico za kapljico.
Pozor: Vedno uporabljaš merilno bučko za končni volumen, ne čaše!
Redčenje koncentrirane raztopine
Redčenje je enostavnejši način - iz močne raztopine narediš šibkejšo z dodajanjem vode. Količina topljenca ostane enaka, spremeni se le volumen.
Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂. Tu je V₁ volumen osnovne raztopine, ki ga moraš odmeriti, V₂ pa končni volumen.
Postopek: izračunaš V₁, ga odmeriš s pipeto, prenesieš v merilno bučko z nekaj vode in dopolniš do oznake. Pri močnih kislinah velja pravilo "kislino v vodo" - nikoli obratno!
Varnost: Pri delu z močnimi kislinami vedno nosi zaščitna očala in upoštevaj KVV!
Postopek redčenja korak za korakom
Redčenje zahteva natančnost in pravilno zaporedje korakov. Najprej iz enačbe c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ izračunaš potreben volumen osnovne raztopine: V₁ = (c₂ × V₂) / c₁.
Z natančno pipeto odmeriš izračunani volumen V₁ koncentrirane raztopine. V merilno bučko najprej naliješ nekaj destilirane vode (približno do polovice), nato dodaš odmerjen volumen osnovne raztopine.
Bučko dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake in dobro premešaš. Tak postopek prepreči nevarno segrevanje, ki nastane pri mešanju koncentranih raztopin.
Pomembno: Pri močnih kislinah nikoli ne dodajaj vode direktno v kislino!
Rešeni primer - priprava iz trdne snovi
Pripraviti moraš 250 mL raztopine CuSO₄ z množinsko koncentracijo 0,2 mol/L. Koliko gramov soli potrebuješ?
Podatki: V = 0,250 L, c = 0,2 mol/L. Najprej izračunaš molsko maso CuSO₄: M = 63,5 + 32,1 + 4×16,0 = 159,6 g/mol.
Nato uporabiš formulo m = c × V × M: m = 0,2 mol/L × 0,250 L × 159,6 g/mol = 7,98 g. Potrebuješ torej 7,98 g bakrovega sulfata.
Nasvet: Pri računanju molske mase ne pozabi na indekse - pri SO₄ je 4× kisik!
Rešeni primer - redčenje raztopine
Imaš HCl s koncentracijo 2,0 mol/L in potrebuješ 100 mL raztopine s koncentracijo 0,5 mol/L. Koliko osnovne raztopine potrebuješ?
Podatki: c₁ = 2,0 mol/L, c₂ = 0,5 mol/L, V₂ = 100 mL. Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂.
Izračunaš V₁: V₁ = / 2,0 mol/L = 25 mL. Potrebuješ 25 mL osnovne raztopine HCl in jo redčiš z vodo do 100 mL.
Trik: Pri enačbi za redčenje lahko pusttiš volume v mL, če sta oba v isti enoti!
Ključne točke za test
Za uspešno pripravo raztopin uporabljaj vedno natančno laboratorijsko posodo: tehtnico za maso, merilno bučko za končni volumen in pipeto za odmerjanje. Čaše niso dovolj natančne!
Pri odčitavanju volumna mora biti spodnji rob meniskusa poravnan z oznako. Oči morajo biti v višini oznake za pravilno perspektivo.
Ključne formule za zapomniti: c = n/V, n = m/M, m = c × V × M za pripravo iz trdne snovi ter c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ za redčenje. Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem!
Za test: Obvladaj oba postopka in se spomni pravila KVV pri kislinah!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Kemija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Kako pripraviti raztopine in redčiti koncentrirane raztopine
Priprava raztopin je eden od najvažnejših praktičnih postopkov v kemiji. Naučil se boš, kako iz čiste snovi ali z redčenjem pripraviti raztopino z natanko določeno koncentracijo.
Osnove priprave in redčenja raztopin
Priprava raztopin je temelj laboratorijskega dela - brez tega ne moreš narediti skoraj nobenega eksperimenta. Obstajata dva glavna načina: iz čiste snovi (npr. soli) ali z redčenjem močnejše raztopine.
Raztopina je homogena zmes topila (navadno vode) in topljenca (snov, ki jo raztapljamo). Koncentracija pove, koliko topljenca imamo v določeni količini raztopine.
Najpogosteje uporabljamo množinsko koncentracijo in masno koncentracijo . Ne pozabi povezavo: n = m/M, kjer je M molska masa.
Nasvet: Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem - volumen mora biti v litrih!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Priprava raztopine iz trdne snovi
Ko potrebuješ raztopino z določeno koncentracijo, začneš s čisto snovjo in jo raztopiš. Postopek je sistematičen in zahteva natančnost.
Najprej izračunaš potrebno maso s formulo m = c × V × M. Nato stehtaš topljenec na natančni tehtnici in ga raztopiš v čaši z majhno količino destilirane vode.
Ključni korak je prenos v merilno bučko - raztopino previdno preliješ in čašo spereš z vodo. Nato dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake, pri čemer proti koncu dodajaš vodo kapljico za kapljico.
Pozor: Vedno uporabljaš merilno bučko za končni volumen, ne čaše!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Redčenje koncentrirane raztopine
Redčenje je enostavnejši način - iz močne raztopine narediš šibkejšo z dodajanjem vode. Količina topljenca ostane enaka, spremeni se le volumen.
Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂. Tu je V₁ volumen osnovne raztopine, ki ga moraš odmeriti, V₂ pa končni volumen.
Postopek: izračunaš V₁, ga odmeriš s pipeto, prenesieš v merilno bučko z nekaj vode in dopolniš do oznake. Pri močnih kislinah velja pravilo "kislino v vodo" - nikoli obratno!
Varnost: Pri delu z močnimi kislinami vedno nosi zaščitna očala in upoštevaj KVV!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Postopek redčenja korak za korakom
Redčenje zahteva natančnost in pravilno zaporedje korakov. Najprej iz enačbe c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ izračunaš potreben volumen osnovne raztopine: V₁ = (c₂ × V₂) / c₁.
Z natančno pipeto odmeriš izračunani volumen V₁ koncentrirane raztopine. V merilno bučko najprej naliješ nekaj destilirane vode (približno do polovice), nato dodaš odmerjen volumen osnovne raztopine.
Bučko dopolniš z destilirano vodo do oznake in dobro premešaš. Tak postopek prepreči nevarno segrevanje, ki nastane pri mešanju koncentranih raztopin.
Pomembno: Pri močnih kislinah nikoli ne dodajaj vode direktno v kislino!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Rešeni primer - priprava iz trdne snovi
Pripraviti moraš 250 mL raztopine CuSO₄ z množinsko koncentracijo 0,2 mol/L. Koliko gramov soli potrebuješ?
Podatki: V = 0,250 L, c = 0,2 mol/L. Najprej izračunaš molsko maso CuSO₄: M = 63,5 + 32,1 + 4×16,0 = 159,6 g/mol.
Nato uporabiš formulo m = c × V × M: m = 0,2 mol/L × 0,250 L × 159,6 g/mol = 7,98 g. Potrebuješ torej 7,98 g bakrovega sulfata.
Nasvet: Pri računanju molske mase ne pozabi na indekse - pri SO₄ je 4× kisik!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Rešeni primer - redčenje raztopine
Imaš HCl s koncentracijo 2,0 mol/L in potrebuješ 100 mL raztopine s koncentracijo 0,5 mol/L. Koliko osnovne raztopine potrebuješ?
Podatki: c₁ = 2,0 mol/L, c₂ = 0,5 mol/L, V₂ = 100 mL. Uporabiš enačbo za redčenje: c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂.
Izračunaš V₁: V₁ = / 2,0 mol/L = 25 mL. Potrebuješ 25 mL osnovne raztopine HCl in jo redčiš z vodo do 100 mL.
Trik: Pri enačbi za redčenje lahko pusttiš volume v mL, če sta oba v isti enoti!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključne točke za test
Za uspešno pripravo raztopin uporabljaj vedno natančno laboratorijsko posodo: tehtnico za maso, merilno bučko za končni volumen in pipeto za odmerjanje. Čaše niso dovolj natančne!
Pri odčitavanju volumna mora biti spodnji rob meniskusa poravnan z oznako. Oči morajo biti v višini oznake za pravilno perspektivo.
Ključne formule za zapomniti: c = n/V, n = m/M, m = c × V × M za pripravo iz trdne snovi ter c₁ × V₁ = c₂ × V₂ za redčenje. Vedno preveri enote pred računanjem!
Za test: Obvladaj oba postopka in se spomni pravila KVV pri kislinah!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user