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Updated Apr 15, 2026
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Periodni sistem elementov - Vodnik za začetnike
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Periodni sistem elementov - osnove
Zakaj bi te moralo zanimat? Periodni sistem elementov je temelj vsega, kar se naučiš v kemiji! Predstavljaj si ga kot genijsko urejen zemljevid, kjer ima vsak element svoje natančno mesto.
Najpomembnejši pojmi, ki jih moraš obvladati: Element je čista snov iz samo ene vrste atomov - kot sta kisik ali železo. Atom je najmanjši delček elementa, ki še vedno ohrani vse njegove lastnosti. Simbol elementa je kratka oznaka (H za vodik, Na za natrij) - prva črka je vedno velika, druga majhna!
Vrstno število (Z) je kot osebna izkaznica vsakega elementa. Pove ti, koliko protonov ima atom v jedru, in to število je za vsak element edinstveno.
Pomembno za teste: Simbole prvih 20 elementov se moraš naučiti na pamet - H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca!
Kako bereš podatke o elementu
V vsakem kvadratku periodnega sistema najdeš vse ključne informacije o elementu. Zgoraj levo je vrstno število (koliko protonov ima), v sredini je simbol elementa z velikimi črkami, pod njim je ime, na dnu pa relativna atomska masa.
Periode so vodoravne vrstice - skupaj jih je 7. Vsi elementi v isti periodi imajo enako število elektronskih lupin okoli jedra. Če je element v 2. periodi, ima elektrone v dveh lupinah.
Skupine so navpični stolpci - skupaj jih je 18. Tu je glavna fora: elementi v isti skupini imajo zelo podobne kemijske lastnosti, ker imajo enako število elektronov na zunanji lupini.
Zapomniti si moraš: 1. skupina = alkalijske kovine, 2. skupina = zemljoalkalijske kovine, 17. skupina = halogeni, 18. skupina = žlahtni plini (zelo stabilni).
Kovine, nekovine in polkovine
Čez periodni sistem poteka debela "cik-cak" črta, ki razdeli elemente na tri glavne skupine. Kovine so na levi strani in v sredini - so sijoče, dobro prevajajo elektriko in toploto ter so večinoma trde.
Nekovine najdeš na desni strani (plus vodik). So brez sijaja, slabo prevajajo in so pogosto krhke. Lahko so plinaste, tekoče ali trdne.
Polkovine ležijo ob "cik-cak" črti in imajo lastnosti nekje vmes. Silicij je odličen primer - uporablja se v računalniških čipih!
Pro tip: Leva stran = kovine, desna stran = nekovine. Tako enostavno!
Praktični primeri za boljše razumevanje
Vzemimo magnezij (Mg): je v 3. periodi in 2. skupini, ima vrstno število 12. Ker je v 2. skupini, je zemljoalkalijska kovina. Ker je na levi strani, je kovina - torej sijoč, trden in dobro prevaja.
Kisik (O) in žveplo (S) sta oba v 16. skupini, zato imata podobne kemijske lastnosti. Razlika? Kisik je v 2. periodi, žveplo v 3. - to pomeni, da ima žveplo več elektronskih lupin.
Če ti dam namig, da je element X v 4. periodi in 17. skupini, lahko hitro ugotoviš, da je to brom (Br) - halogen, ki je pri sobni temperaturi tekočina.
Za teste veš: Če se spremeni število protonov (vrstno število), se spremeni tudi element!
Hiter povzetek za uspeh pri testih
Zapomni si glavno pravilo: periodni sistem ureja elemente po naraščajočem vrstnem številu. Periode (vodoravno) povedo število elektronskih lupin, skupine (navpično) pa zagotavljajo podobne lastnosti.
Ključne delitve: kovine levo (sijoče, prevodne), nekovine desno (motne, slabi prevodniki), polkovine vmes. Vodik je posebnež - v 1. skupini, a je nekovina!
Imena skupin za obvladati: alkalijske kovine (1.), zemljoalkalijske kovine (2.), halogeni (17.) in žlahtni plini (18.). S temi osnovami boš brez težav reševal vse naloge!
Zadnji nasvet: Vrstno število je najważnejši podatek - pove ti vse o elementu!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Kemija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Periodni sistem elementov - Vodnik za začetnike
Periodni sistem je kot velika, urejena knjižnica za vse elemente - namesto knjig so v njem razvrščeni vsi elementi po vrstnem redu in lastnostih. To je najbolj uporabno orodje v kemiji, ki ti pomaga razumeti, kako se elementi obnašajo in... Show more
Periodni sistem elementov - osnove
Zakaj bi te moralo zanimat? Periodni sistem elementov je temelj vsega, kar se naučiš v kemiji! Predstavljaj si ga kot genijsko urejen zemljevid, kjer ima vsak element svoje natančno mesto.
Najpomembnejši pojmi, ki jih moraš obvladati: Element je čista snov iz samo ene vrste atomov - kot sta kisik ali železo. Atom je najmanjši delček elementa, ki še vedno ohrani vse njegove lastnosti. Simbol elementa je kratka oznaka (H za vodik, Na za natrij) - prva črka je vedno velika, druga majhna!
Vrstno število (Z) je kot osebna izkaznica vsakega elementa. Pove ti, koliko protonov ima atom v jedru, in to število je za vsak element edinstveno.
Pomembno za teste: Simbole prvih 20 elementov se moraš naučiti na pamet - H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Join milions of students
Kako bereš podatke o elementu
V vsakem kvadratku periodnega sistema najdeš vse ključne informacije o elementu. Zgoraj levo je vrstno število (koliko protonov ima), v sredini je simbol elementa z velikimi črkami, pod njim je ime, na dnu pa relativna atomska masa.
Periode so vodoravne vrstice - skupaj jih je 7. Vsi elementi v isti periodi imajo enako število elektronskih lupin okoli jedra. Če je element v 2. periodi, ima elektrone v dveh lupinah.
Skupine so navpični stolpci - skupaj jih je 18. Tu je glavna fora: elementi v isti skupini imajo zelo podobne kemijske lastnosti, ker imajo enako število elektronov na zunanji lupini.
Zapomniti si moraš: 1. skupina = alkalijske kovine, 2. skupina = zemljoalkalijske kovine, 17. skupina = halogeni, 18. skupina = žlahtni plini (zelo stabilni).
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Kovine, nekovine in polkovine
Čez periodni sistem poteka debela "cik-cak" črta, ki razdeli elemente na tri glavne skupine. Kovine so na levi strani in v sredini - so sijoče, dobro prevajajo elektriko in toploto ter so večinoma trde.
Nekovine najdeš na desni strani (plus vodik). So brez sijaja, slabo prevajajo in so pogosto krhke. Lahko so plinaste, tekoče ali trdne.
Polkovine ležijo ob "cik-cak" črti in imajo lastnosti nekje vmes. Silicij je odličen primer - uporablja se v računalniških čipih!
Pro tip: Leva stran = kovine, desna stran = nekovine. Tako enostavno!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri za boljše razumevanje
Vzemimo magnezij (Mg): je v 3. periodi in 2. skupini, ima vrstno število 12. Ker je v 2. skupini, je zemljoalkalijska kovina. Ker je na levi strani, je kovina - torej sijoč, trden in dobro prevaja.
Kisik (O) in žveplo (S) sta oba v 16. skupini, zato imata podobne kemijske lastnosti. Razlika? Kisik je v 2. periodi, žveplo v 3. - to pomeni, da ima žveplo več elektronskih lupin.
Če ti dam namig, da je element X v 4. periodi in 17. skupini, lahko hitro ugotoviš, da je to brom (Br) - halogen, ki je pri sobni temperaturi tekočina.
Za teste veš: Če se spremeni število protonov (vrstno število), se spremeni tudi element!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za uspeh pri testih
Zapomni si glavno pravilo: periodni sistem ureja elemente po naraščajočem vrstnem številu. Periode (vodoravno) povedo število elektronskih lupin, skupine (navpično) pa zagotavljajo podobne lastnosti.
Ključne delitve: kovine levo (sijoče, prevodne), nekovine desno (motne, slabi prevodniki), polkovine vmes. Vodik je posebnež - v 1. skupini, a je nekovina!
Imena skupin za obvladati: alkalijske kovine (1.), zemljoalkalijske kovine (2.), halogeni (17.) in žlahtni plini (18.). S temi osnovami boš brez težav reševal vse naloge!
Zadnji nasvet: Vrstno število je najważnejši podatek - pove ti vse o elementu!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Kemija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user