Atom je osnovni gradnik vsega okoli nas - od zraka,... Show more
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Updated Apr 18, 2026
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Atom - Gradivo o Osnovnih Delcih Snovi
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Atom – osnovni gradnik snovi
Predstavljaj si, da bi lahko rezal list papirja na pol, nato spet na pol, in tako naprej. Na koncu bi prišel do atoma - osnovnega gradnika snovi. Atom je najmanjši delec kemijskega elementa, ki še ohranja lastnosti tega elementa.
Element je snov, sestavljena samo iz ene vrste atomov. Kisik, železo, zlato - to so vsi elementi.
Atom sestavljata dva glavna dela: jedro atoma (središčni, gosti del) in elektronska ovojnica (prostor okoli jedra). V njih najdemo tri vrste osnovnih delcev: protone, nevtrone in elektrone.
💡 Atomi so tako majhni, da jih ne moremo videti s prostim očesom - niti z navadnim mikroskopom!
Jedro atoma - srce vsakega atoma
Jedro se nahaja v samem središču atoma in je izjemno majhno, vendar vsebuje skoraj vso maso atoma. To je kot da bi bila vsa teža avtomobila zbrana v eni majhni žogici!
V jedru najdemo protone in nevtrone. Protoni (p⁺) imajo pozitiven električni naboj (+1) in so ključni za določanje elementa. Število protonov imenujemo vrstno število (Z).
Nevtroni (n⁰) nimajo električnega naboja - so nevtralni. Njihova naloga je držati protone skupaj, saj se pozitivni naboji sicer odbijajo.
💡 Pomembno za teste: Masno število (A) = število protonov + število nevtronov
Elektronska ovojnica in osnovni delci
Elektronska ovojnica je prostor okoli jedra, kjer se z veliko hitrostjo gibljejo elektroni (e⁻). Ti imajo negativen naboj (-1) in so veliko lažji od protonov in nevtronov.
Atom je navzven električno nevtralen, ker ima enako število protonov in elektronov. Pozitivni in negativni naboji se izničijo.
Tabela osnovnih delcev:
- Proton: naboj +1, masa ~1, lokacija: jedro
- Nevtron: naboj 0, masa ~1, lokacija: jedro
- Elektron: naboj -1, masa ~1/1840, lokacija: elektronska ovojnica
💡 Če bi bil atom velik kot nogometni stadion, bi bilo jedro veliko kot frnikola na sredini!
Kako izračunamo število delcev v atomu
V periodnem sistemu za vsak element najdemo vrstno število (Z) (zgoraj) in relativno atomsko maso (spodaj). Relativno atomsko maso zaokrožimo na celo število in dobimo masno število (A).
Pravila za izračun:
- Število protonov = vrstno število (Z)
- Število elektronov = število protonov (atom je nevtralen)
- Število nevtronov = masno število (A) - vrstno število (Z)
Primer - ogljik (C): Z = 6, A = 12
- Protoni: 6, elektroni: 6, nevtroni: 12 - 6 = 6
💡 Število protonov določa element! Atom s 6 protoni je VEDNO ogljik, atom s 7 protoni je VEDNO dušik.
Hiter povzetek za teste
Zapomniti si moraš ta osnovna pravila: atom = jedro + elektronska ovojnica. Jedro = protoni + nevtroni. Elektronska ovojnica = elektroni.
Naboji: protoni so pozitivni (+1), elektroni negativni (-1), nevtroni nevtralni (0). V nevtralnem atomu je število protonov enako številu elektronov.
Številke: vrstno število (Z) = število protonov, masno število (A) = protoni + nevtroni. Skoraj vsa masa atoma je zbrana v jedru.
Ne zamešaj vrstnega in masnega števila - vrstno je vedno manjše (razen pri vodiku) in določa element!
💡 S temi osnovami boš brez težav rešil vse naloge o zgradbi atoma!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Atom - Gradivo o Osnovnih Delcih Snovi
Atom je osnovni gradnik vsega okoli nas - od zraka, ki ga dihamo, do telefona v tvojih rokah. Če bi lahko delil snov na vedno manjše koščke, bi na koncu prišel do atoma, najmanjšega delca, ki še vedno ohranja lastnosti... Show more
Atom – osnovni gradnik snovi
Predstavljaj si, da bi lahko rezal list papirja na pol, nato spet na pol, in tako naprej. Na koncu bi prišel do atoma - osnovnega gradnika snovi. Atom je najmanjši delec kemijskega elementa, ki še ohranja lastnosti tega elementa.
Element je snov, sestavljena samo iz ene vrste atomov. Kisik, železo, zlato - to so vsi elementi.
Atom sestavljata dva glavna dela: jedro atoma (središčni, gosti del) in elektronska ovojnica (prostor okoli jedra). V njih najdemo tri vrste osnovnih delcev: protone, nevtrone in elektrone.
💡 Atomi so tako majhni, da jih ne moremo videti s prostim očesom - niti z navadnim mikroskopom!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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Improve your grades
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Jedro atoma - srce vsakega atoma
Jedro se nahaja v samem središču atoma in je izjemno majhno, vendar vsebuje skoraj vso maso atoma. To je kot da bi bila vsa teža avtomobila zbrana v eni majhni žogici!
V jedru najdemo protone in nevtrone. Protoni (p⁺) imajo pozitiven električni naboj (+1) in so ključni za določanje elementa. Število protonov imenujemo vrstno število (Z).
Nevtroni (n⁰) nimajo električnega naboja - so nevtralni. Njihova naloga je držati protone skupaj, saj se pozitivni naboji sicer odbijajo.
💡 Pomembno za teste: Masno število (A) = število protonov + število nevtronov
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Elektronska ovojnica in osnovni delci
Elektronska ovojnica je prostor okoli jedra, kjer se z veliko hitrostjo gibljejo elektroni (e⁻). Ti imajo negativen naboj (-1) in so veliko lažji od protonov in nevtronov.
Atom je navzven električno nevtralen, ker ima enako število protonov in elektronov. Pozitivni in negativni naboji se izničijo.
Tabela osnovnih delcev:
- Proton: naboj +1, masa ~1, lokacija: jedro
- Nevtron: naboj 0, masa ~1, lokacija: jedro
- Elektron: naboj -1, masa ~1/1840, lokacija: elektronska ovojnica
💡 Če bi bil atom velik kot nogometni stadion, bi bilo jedro veliko kot frnikola na sredini!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Kako izračunamo število delcev v atomu
V periodnem sistemu za vsak element najdemo vrstno število (Z) (zgoraj) in relativno atomsko maso (spodaj). Relativno atomsko maso zaokrožimo na celo število in dobimo masno število (A).
Pravila za izračun:
- Število protonov = vrstno število (Z)
- Število elektronov = število protonov (atom je nevtralen)
- Število nevtronov = masno število (A) - vrstno število (Z)
Primer - ogljik (C): Z = 6, A = 12
- Protoni: 6, elektroni: 6, nevtroni: 12 - 6 = 6
💡 Število protonov določa element! Atom s 6 protoni je VEDNO ogljik, atom s 7 protoni je VEDNO dušik.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Hiter povzetek za teste
Zapomniti si moraš ta osnovna pravila: atom = jedro + elektronska ovojnica. Jedro = protoni + nevtroni. Elektronska ovojnica = elektroni.
Naboji: protoni so pozitivni (+1), elektroni negativni (-1), nevtroni nevtralni (0). V nevtralnem atomu je število protonov enako številu elektronov.
Številke: vrstno število (Z) = število protonov, masno število (A) = protoni + nevtroni. Skoraj vsa masa atoma je zbrana v jedru.
Ne zamešaj vrstnega in masnega števila - vrstno je vedno manjše (razen pri vodiku) in določa element!
💡 S temi osnovami boš brez težav rešil vse naloge o zgradbi atoma!
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user