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Updated Apr 13, 2026
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Litosfera in zemeljski relief - Tektonski procesi in vplivi
1 / 5
Uvod v litosfero in relief
Predstavljaj si Zemljo kot jabolko - litosfera je tista tanka lupina na vrhu, ki je sestavljena iz skorje in dela plašča. Ni pa enotna kot prava lupina, ampak je razdeljena na večje in manjše litosferske plošče, ki se premikajo po mehki astenosferi spodaj.
Te plošče se gibljejo zaradi vročih tokov v Zemljini notranjosti - podobno kot voda v loncu, ki se segreva. Endogene sile, ki prihajajo iz globin, so glavni oblikovalci reliefa. Povzročijo nastanek gorovij, potrese in vulkane.
Pomembno: Ne meši endogenih sil (iz notranjosti Zemlje) z eksogenimi silami (veter, voda, led), ki relief le preoblikujejo!
Gubanje in prelamljanje sta dva glavna načina, kako te sile preoblikujejo površje. Pri gubanju se kamnine ukrivljajo kot papir, pri prelamljanju pa počijo kot steklo.
Notranja zgradba in gibanje plošč
Zemlja je kot čebula - ima več plasti. Zemeljsko jedro je najtopleje, plašč se meša in ustvarja tokove, skorja pa je tanka zunanja plast. Oceanska skorja je tanjša in težja, celinska pa debelejša in lažja.
Plošče se srečujejo na tri načine. Divergentne meje so kot odpiranje zadrgice - plošče se razmaknejo in nastane nova skorja. Konvergentne meje so nasprotno - plošče se zaletijo in ena pogosto podrine drugo (subdukcija).
Za teste: Transformne meje so kot drsenje - plošči se premikata ena mimo druge brez ustvarjanja ali uničevanja skorje.
Najbolje si ta gibanja predstavljaš z rokami. Divergentno = roki se razmakneta, konvergentno = roki se srečata in ena gre pod drugo, transformno = dlanmi drsiš ena mimo druge.
Gubanje in prelamljanje
Gubanje je kot mečkanje papirja - kamnine se počasi ukrivljajo pod pritiskom. Nastanejo antiklinale (hrbti) in sinklinale (doline). Tako so nastale Alpe - milijone let pritiska med Afriško in Evrazijsko ploščo.
Prelamljanje se zgodi, ko je pritisk premočan in kamnina preprosto poči. Eni deli se dvignejo (grude kot Pohorje), drugi pa ugrezajo (tektonski jarki kot Ljubljanska kotlina). To je bolj kot lomljenje škatla pod težo.
Ključ za razumevanje: Globlje = topleje = gubanje. Površje = hladno = prelamljanje.
Orogeneza je pametna beseda za nastanek gorovij. Poteka predvsem tam, kjer se plošče srečujejo. Proces je počasen - gorovja rastejo le nekaj milimetrov na leto, kot rast nohtov!
Praktični primeri iz Slovenije
Alpe so nastale zaradi trka celinskih plošč - kot dva avtomobila, ki se zaletita in se zmečkata. Ker sta obe plošči lahki (celinski), se nobena ni potisnila pod drugo, ampak sta se "nagubali".
Slovenija leži na Idrijskem prelomu - veliki razpoki med Jadransko mikroploščo in Evrazijsko ploščo. Ko se te plošče premaknejo, čutimo potrese. Spomnimo se potresov v Posočju (1998, 2004) ali zgodovinskega potresa v Idriji (1511).
Zanimivost: Ognjeni obroč okoli Tihega oceana nastaja zaradi subdukcije - tam se oceanske plošče potapljajo pod celinske.
Te procese čutimo tudi danes. Alpe se še vedno dvigajo, tektonski pritiski povzročajo potrese, vulkani na meji plošč še izbruhujejo. Tektonika plošč ni zgodovina - je naša sedanjost!
Ključni povzetek za preverjanje
Zapomni si razlike med vrstami stikov: divergentni ustvarja novo skorjo (Atlantski ocean se širi), konvergentni povzroča gorovja in vulkane (Himalaja, Andi), transformni pa potrese (Kalifornija).
Gubanje potrebuje čas in toploto (Alpe), prelamljanje pa se zgodi hitro in na površju (Pohorje). Oba procesa sta posledica endogenih sil - energije iz Zemljine notranjosti.
Slovenija je tektonsko aktivna zaradi lege med velikimi ploščami. Naš razgiban relief - od Alp do Dinarskega gorstva - in občasni potresi so dokaz, da tektonika plošč še vedno oblikuje našo deželo.
Za teste: Časovna skala je ključna - ti procesi potekajo milijone let, premiki so centimetri na leto!
Litosfera torej ni statična lupina, ampak dinamičen sistem plošč, ki nenehno spreminjajo obraz naše Zemlje.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Geografija
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Litosfera in zemeljski relief - Tektonski procesi in vplivi
Zakaj se Zemlja trese in kako nastajajo gorska masivi? Odgovor se skriva v litosferi- trdni zunanji lupini našega planeta, ki ni enotna masa, ampak je razdeljena na plošče, ki se nenehno premikajo. Ta gibanja so odgovorna za vse, od... Show more
Uvod v litosfero in relief
Predstavljaj si Zemljo kot jabolko - litosfera je tista tanka lupina na vrhu, ki je sestavljena iz skorje in dela plašča. Ni pa enotna kot prava lupina, ampak je razdeljena na večje in manjše litosferske plošče, ki se premikajo po mehki astenosferi spodaj.
Te plošče se gibljejo zaradi vročih tokov v Zemljini notranjosti - podobno kot voda v loncu, ki se segreva. Endogene sile, ki prihajajo iz globin, so glavni oblikovalci reliefa. Povzročijo nastanek gorovij, potrese in vulkane.
Pomembno: Ne meši endogenih sil (iz notranjosti Zemlje) z eksogenimi silami (veter, voda, led), ki relief le preoblikujejo!
Gubanje in prelamljanje sta dva glavna načina, kako te sile preoblikujejo površje. Pri gubanju se kamnine ukrivljajo kot papir, pri prelamljanju pa počijo kot steklo.
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Notranja zgradba in gibanje plošč
Zemlja je kot čebula - ima več plasti. Zemeljsko jedro je najtopleje, plašč se meša in ustvarja tokove, skorja pa je tanka zunanja plast. Oceanska skorja je tanjša in težja, celinska pa debelejša in lažja.
Plošče se srečujejo na tri načine. Divergentne meje so kot odpiranje zadrgice - plošče se razmaknejo in nastane nova skorja. Konvergentne meje so nasprotno - plošče se zaletijo in ena pogosto podrine drugo (subdukcija).
Za teste: Transformne meje so kot drsenje - plošči se premikata ena mimo druge brez ustvarjanja ali uničevanja skorje.
Najbolje si ta gibanja predstavljaš z rokami. Divergentno = roki se razmakneta, konvergentno = roki se srečata in ena gre pod drugo, transformno = dlanmi drsiš ena mimo druge.
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Gubanje in prelamljanje
Gubanje je kot mečkanje papirja - kamnine se počasi ukrivljajo pod pritiskom. Nastanejo antiklinale (hrbti) in sinklinale (doline). Tako so nastale Alpe - milijone let pritiska med Afriško in Evrazijsko ploščo.
Prelamljanje se zgodi, ko je pritisk premočan in kamnina preprosto poči. Eni deli se dvignejo (grude kot Pohorje), drugi pa ugrezajo (tektonski jarki kot Ljubljanska kotlina). To je bolj kot lomljenje škatla pod težo.
Ključ za razumevanje: Globlje = topleje = gubanje. Površje = hladno = prelamljanje.
Orogeneza je pametna beseda za nastanek gorovij. Poteka predvsem tam, kjer se plošče srečujejo. Proces je počasen - gorovja rastejo le nekaj milimetrov na leto, kot rast nohtov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Praktični primeri iz Slovenije
Alpe so nastale zaradi trka celinskih plošč - kot dva avtomobila, ki se zaletita in se zmečkata. Ker sta obe plošči lahki (celinski), se nobena ni potisnila pod drugo, ampak sta se "nagubali".
Slovenija leži na Idrijskem prelomu - veliki razpoki med Jadransko mikroploščo in Evrazijsko ploščo. Ko se te plošče premaknejo, čutimo potrese. Spomnimo se potresov v Posočju (1998, 2004) ali zgodovinskega potresa v Idriji (1511).
Zanimivost: Ognjeni obroč okoli Tihega oceana nastaja zaradi subdukcije - tam se oceanske plošče potapljajo pod celinske.
Te procese čutimo tudi danes. Alpe se še vedno dvigajo, tektonski pritiski povzročajo potrese, vulkani na meji plošč še izbruhujejo. Tektonika plošč ni zgodovina - je naša sedanjost!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Ključni povzetek za preverjanje
Zapomni si razlike med vrstami stikov: divergentni ustvarja novo skorjo (Atlantski ocean se širi), konvergentni povzroča gorovja in vulkane (Himalaja, Andi), transformni pa potrese (Kalifornija).
Gubanje potrebuje čas in toploto (Alpe), prelamljanje pa se zgodi hitro in na površju (Pohorje). Oba procesa sta posledica endogenih sil - energije iz Zemljine notranjosti.
Slovenija je tektonsko aktivna zaradi lege med velikimi ploščami. Naš razgiban relief - od Alp do Dinarskega gorstva - in občasni potresi so dokaz, da tektonika plošč še vedno oblikuje našo deželo.
Za teste: Časovna skala je ključna - ti procesi potekajo milijone let, premiki so centimetri na leto!
Litosfera torej ni statična lupina, ampak dinamičen sistem plošč, ki nenehno spreminjajo obraz naše Zemlje.
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user