Celični cikel in mitoza sta temeljna procesa, ki omogočata rast,... Show more
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Updated May 10, 2026
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Faze celičnega cikla in pomen mitoze
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Celični cikel in mitoza - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da je vsaka celica v tvojem telesu kot mini tovarna, ki ima svoj življenjski krog. Celični cikel je natanko to - zaporedje dogodkov od nastanka celice do njene delitve v dve novi celici.
Ta proces ni samo teoretična zadeva iz učbenikov. Ko se ti celi rana na koži, ko rasteš ali ko se ti lasi podaljšajo - vse to se dogaja zaradi celičnih delitev. Vsak dan se v tvojem telesu izvede milijarde takšnih delitev!
Mitoza je posebej pomemben del tega procesa, kjer se celično jedro razdeli tako, da nastaneta dve popolnoma enaki celici. Skupaj s citokinezo (delitvijo citoplazme) poskrbi, da ima vsaka nova celica vse, kar potrebuje za življenje.
💡 Zanimivost: Vse celice v tvojem telesu (razen spolnih celic) so nastale z mitozo iz ene same celice - zigote!
Interfaza - priprave na delitev
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla - traja kar 90% celotnega časa! V tem času celica ni lena, ampak se intenzivno pripravlja na delitev.
Interfaza se deli na tri faze. V fazi G1 celica raste kot nor in izdeluje proteine ter organele. To je kot da gradimo novo hišo in kupujemo vso opremo. V fazi S se zgodi najważniejszy dogodek - podvojitev DNK! Vsak kromosom dobi svojo kopijo in postane sestavljen iz dveh sestrskih kromatid.
Faza G2 je zadnja priprava pred veliko delitvijo. Celica še malo zraste in pripravi vse proteine, ki jih bo potrebovala za mitozo. To je kot zadnji pregled pred izpitom - preveri se, ali je vse pripravljeno.
💡 Pomni: Po fazi S ima celica podvojeno količino DNK, vendar še vedno isto število kromosomov (le da ima vsak dve kromatidi)!
M-faza - prava akcija se začne
M-faza je najkrajši, a najbolj spektakularen del celičnega cikla. Tu se celica dejansko razdeli na dve novi celici. Vsebuje mitozo (delitev jedra) in citokinezo (delitev citoplazme).
Mitoza ima štiri jasno ločene faze, ki si jih lahko zapomniš z akronimom PMAT. V profazi se kromatin začne zvijati v vidne kromosome, jedrni ovoj izgine in začne se oblikovati delitveno vreteno. To je začetek velikega preoblikovanja celice.
V metafazi se vsi kromosomi lepo postavijo v sredino celice na metafazno ploščo. Spominja na vojake, ki se postavijo v vrsto pred marširanjem. Niti delitvenega vretena se pripnejo na centromere kromosomov.
💡 Trik za pomnjenje: Metafaza = na mEzi (sredini), Anafaza = Adijo (narazen)!
Anafaza in telofaza - veliki finale
V anafazi se zgodi najbolj dramatičen trenutek mitoze. Centromere se razdelijo in sestrski kromatidi se ločijo. Niti delitvenega vretena jih potegnejo na nasprotna pola celice kot vlak, ki vleče vagone.
Telofaza je kot profaza v obratni smeri. Kromosomi se sprostijo nazaj v kromatin, okoli vsake skupine se oblikuje nov jedrni ovoj in delitveno vreteno izgine. Sedaj imamo v eni celici dve jedri!
Citokineza je končni korak, kjer se citoplazma fizično razdeli. Pri živalskih celicah se membrana ušči in tvori delitveno brazdo, ki celico preščipne na pol. Pri rastlinskih celicah pa se oblikuje celična plošča, ker imajo trdo celično steno.
💡 Rezultat mitoze: Iz ene materinske celice nastaneta dve genetsko popolnoma enaki hčerinski celici z enakim številom kromosomov!
Pomen mitoze v vsakdanjem življenju
Mitoza ni samo abstrakten proces - je ključna za tvoje vsakdanje življenje! Ko se prereže v prst, se poškodovane kožne celice nadomestijo z novimi preko mitoze. Tvoje rdeče krvničke živijo le 120 dni, nato jih kostni mozeg nadomesti z novimi.
Vsa tvoja rast od dojenčka do sedaj je rezultat milijonov mitotskih delitev. Vse telesne celice (kožne, jetrne, mišične) so nastale z mitozo in so zato genetsko enake. Pri rastlinah mitoza omogoča tudi nespolno razmnoževanje - iz enega potaknjenca zraste nova rastlina.
Nadzor celičnega cikla je izredno pomemben. Celica ima kontrolne točke, kjer preveri, ali je vse v redu, preden nadaljuje. Če ta nadzor odpove in se celice začnejo deliti nenadzorovano, lahko nastane tumor ali rak.
💡 Pogosta napaka: Ne zamenjuj mitoze z mejozo! Mitoza = 2 enaki diploidni celici, mejoza = 4 različne haploidne celice (spolne celice).
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
Most popular content in Biologija
Most popular content
Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
Faze celičnega cikla in pomen mitoze
Celični cikel in mitoza sta temeljna procesa, ki omogočata rast, obnavljanje in celo življenje vseh živih bitij. To je zgodba o tem, kako se celice delijo in ustvarjajo nove kopije sebe.
Celični cikel in mitoza - uvod
Predstavljaj si, da je vsaka celica v tvojem telesu kot mini tovarna, ki ima svoj življenjski krog. Celični cikel je natanko to - zaporedje dogodkov od nastanka celice do njene delitve v dve novi celici.
Ta proces ni samo teoretična zadeva iz učbenikov. Ko se ti celi rana na koži, ko rasteš ali ko se ti lasi podaljšajo - vse to se dogaja zaradi celičnih delitev. Vsak dan se v tvojem telesu izvede milijarde takšnih delitev!
Mitoza je posebej pomemben del tega procesa, kjer se celično jedro razdeli tako, da nastaneta dve popolnoma enaki celici. Skupaj s citokinezo (delitvijo citoplazme) poskrbi, da ima vsaka nova celica vse, kar potrebuje za življenje.
💡 Zanimivost: Vse celice v tvojem telesu (razen spolnih celic) so nastale z mitozo iz ene same celice - zigote!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Interfaza - priprave na delitev
Interfaza je najdaljši del celičnega cikla - traja kar 90% celotnega časa! V tem času celica ni lena, ampak se intenzivno pripravlja na delitev.
Interfaza se deli na tri faze. V fazi G1 celica raste kot nor in izdeluje proteine ter organele. To je kot da gradimo novo hišo in kupujemo vso opremo. V fazi S se zgodi najważniejszy dogodek - podvojitev DNK! Vsak kromosom dobi svojo kopijo in postane sestavljen iz dveh sestrskih kromatid.
Faza G2 je zadnja priprava pred veliko delitvijo. Celica še malo zraste in pripravi vse proteine, ki jih bo potrebovala za mitozo. To je kot zadnji pregled pred izpitom - preveri se, ali je vse pripravljeno.
💡 Pomni: Po fazi S ima celica podvojeno količino DNK, vendar še vedno isto število kromosomov (le da ima vsak dve kromatidi)!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
M-faza - prava akcija se začne
M-faza je najkrajši, a najbolj spektakularen del celičnega cikla. Tu se celica dejansko razdeli na dve novi celici. Vsebuje mitozo (delitev jedra) in citokinezo (delitev citoplazme).
Mitoza ima štiri jasno ločene faze, ki si jih lahko zapomniš z akronimom PMAT. V profazi se kromatin začne zvijati v vidne kromosome, jedrni ovoj izgine in začne se oblikovati delitveno vreteno. To je začetek velikega preoblikovanja celice.
V metafazi se vsi kromosomi lepo postavijo v sredino celice na metafazno ploščo. Spominja na vojake, ki se postavijo v vrsto pred marširanjem. Niti delitvenega vretena se pripnejo na centromere kromosomov.
💡 Trik za pomnjenje: Metafaza = na mEzi (sredini), Anafaza = Adijo (narazen)!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Anafaza in telofaza - veliki finale
V anafazi se zgodi najbolj dramatičen trenutek mitoze. Centromere se razdelijo in sestrski kromatidi se ločijo. Niti delitvenega vretena jih potegnejo na nasprotna pola celice kot vlak, ki vleče vagone.
Telofaza je kot profaza v obratni smeri. Kromosomi se sprostijo nazaj v kromatin, okoli vsake skupine se oblikuje nov jedrni ovoj in delitveno vreteno izgine. Sedaj imamo v eni celici dve jedri!
Citokineza je končni korak, kjer se citoplazma fizično razdeli. Pri živalskih celicah se membrana ušči in tvori delitveno brazdo, ki celico preščipne na pol. Pri rastlinskih celicah pa se oblikuje celična plošča, ker imajo trdo celično steno.
💡 Rezultat mitoze: Iz ene materinske celice nastaneta dve genetsko popolnoma enaki hčerinski celici z enakim številom kromosomov!
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Pomen mitoze v vsakdanjem življenju
Mitoza ni samo abstrakten proces - je ključna za tvoje vsakdanje življenje! Ko se prereže v prst, se poškodovane kožne celice nadomestijo z novimi preko mitoze. Tvoje rdeče krvničke živijo le 120 dni, nato jih kostni mozeg nadomesti z novimi.
Vsa tvoja rast od dojenčka do sedaj je rezultat milijonov mitotskih delitev. Vse telesne celice (kožne, jetrne, mišične) so nastale z mitozo in so zato genetsko enake. Pri rastlinah mitoza omogoča tudi nespolno razmnoževanje - iz enega potaknjenca zraste nova rastlina.
Nadzor celičnega cikla je izredno pomemben. Celica ima kontrolne točke, kjer preveri, ali je vse v redu, preden nadaljuje. Če ta nadzor odpove in se celice začnejo deliti nenadzorovano, lahko nastane tumor ali rak.
💡 Pogosta napaka: Ne zamenjuj mitoze z mejozo! Mitoza = 2 enaki diploidni celici, mejoza = 4 različne haploidne celice (spolne celice).
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
Access to all documents
Improve your grades
Join milions of students
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in Biologija
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Can't find what you're looking for? Explore other subjects.
Students love us — and so will you.
4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user