分詞って動詞を形容詞みたいに使える便利な文法なんだ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があって、文を短くしたり、詳しく説明したりするときにすごく役立つよ。
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Updated Mar 29, 2026
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分詞の基礎：現在分詞と過去分詞の使い方
1 / 5
分詞の基本と種類
分詞は動詞の形を変えて形容詞のような働きをするもので、文を短く、詳しく説明するときにめちゃくちゃ便利だよ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があるんだ。
現在分詞は動詞の-ing形（playing, running, singing）で、「〜している」という意味になる。修飾する名詞が「〜する側」であることがポイントだよ。
過去分詞は動詞の過去分詞形（played, written, broken）で、「〜される」「〜された」という意味。修飾する名詞が「〜される側」であることを覚えておこう。
覚えておこう！ 現在分詞と過去分詞の使い分けは、修飾する名詞との「意味の関係」で決めるんだ。これがテストで一番問われるところだよ！
1語で修飾する場合
分詞が1語だけで名詞を修飾するときは、普通の形容詞（big, newなど）と同じように名詞の前に置くんだ。これは基本中の基本だね。
現在分詞の例を見てみよう。「a singing bird（歌っている鳥）」は「a bird is singing」を短くしたもの。「a sleeping baby（眠っている赤ちゃん）」も同じパターンだよ。
過去分詞だと「a broken window（壊された窓）」や「a used car（使われた車→中古車）」みたいになる。どちらも元の文「a window was broken」や「a car was used」を短縮した形なんだ。
ここがコツ！ 1語の分詞は名詞の前、これだけ覚えればOK。普通の形容詞と同じ位置だよ。
2語以上で修飾する場合
分詞が他の語句（目的語や副詞など）を伴って2語以上のカタマリになるときは、名詞の後ろに置いて修飾する。これを後置修飾といって、長文でよく出てくる形だよ。
現在分詞の例では「The girl playing the piano is my sister.（ピアノを弾いている少女は私の妹です）」がある。「playing the piano」が2語以上のカタマリなので「the girl」の後ろに置くんだ。
過去分詞だと「This is a letter written in English.（これは英語で書かれた手紙です）」みたいになる。「written in English」がカタマリなので「a letter」の後ろに置くよ。
長文のカギ！ 2語以上の分詞句は名詞の後ろ。この形が読解問題でよく出るから、しっかり慣れておこう。
練習問題と文の作り方
分詞を使うと、関係代名詞を使わなくても文を簡潔にできるんだ。2つの文を1つにまとめる練習をしてみよう。
例題1：「I know the girl. She is talking with Mr. Tanaka.」を1つにする場合。共通する名詞は「the girl」で、2文目が説明している。女の子が「話している」側（能動）なので、現在分詞「talking」を使って「I know the girl talking with Mr. Tanaka.」になるよ。
例題2：「The cake was delicious. It was made by my mother.」の場合。ケーキは「作られた」側（受動）なので、過去分詞「made」を使って「The cake made by my mother was delicious.」になる。
文法のコツ！ 修飾される名詞を主語にして、「〜する」なら現在分詞、「〜される」なら過去分詞と考えよう。
テストのポイントと注意点
感情を表す動詞（excite, surprise, interest, boreなど）は特に注意が必要だよ。-ing形は人を「〜させる」（原因）、-ed形は人が「〜させられる」（感情）を表すんだ。
「This is an exciting game.（これは人をワクワクさせる試合だ）」と「I am excited.（私はワクワクしている）」の違いをしっかり理解しよう。前者は試合が原因、後者は私の感情状態を表している。
進行形や受動態との違いも大切。「The baby is sleeping.」は進行形で動詞の働き、「a sleeping baby」は分詞で形容詞の働きをしているよ。
最終チェック！ 1語なら名詞の前、2語以上なら名詞の後ろ。そして能動なら-ing、受動なら過去分詞。この基本パターンを覚えれば完璧だ！
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What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
分詞の基礎：現在分詞と過去分詞の使い方
分詞って動詞を形容詞みたいに使える便利な文法なんだ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があって、文を短くしたり、詳しく説明したりするときにすごく役立つよ。
分詞の基本と種類
分詞は動詞の形を変えて形容詞のような働きをするもので、文を短く、詳しく説明するときにめちゃくちゃ便利だよ。現在分詞と過去分詞の2種類があるんだ。
現在分詞は動詞の-ing形（playing, running, singing）で、「〜している」という意味になる。修飾する名詞が「〜する側」であることがポイントだよ。
過去分詞は動詞の過去分詞形（played, written, broken）で、「〜される」「〜された」という意味。修飾する名詞が「〜される側」であることを覚えておこう。
覚えておこう！ 現在分詞と過去分詞の使い分けは、修飾する名詞との「意味の関係」で決めるんだ。これがテストで一番問われるところだよ！
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1語で修飾する場合
分詞が1語だけで名詞を修飾するときは、普通の形容詞（big, newなど）と同じように名詞の前に置くんだ。これは基本中の基本だね。
現在分詞の例を見てみよう。「a singing bird（歌っている鳥）」は「a bird is singing」を短くしたもの。「a sleeping baby（眠っている赤ちゃん）」も同じパターンだよ。
過去分詞だと「a broken window（壊された窓）」や「a used car（使われた車→中古車）」みたいになる。どちらも元の文「a window was broken」や「a car was used」を短縮した形なんだ。
ここがコツ！ 1語の分詞は名詞の前、これだけ覚えればOK。普通の形容詞と同じ位置だよ。
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2語以上で修飾する場合
分詞が他の語句（目的語や副詞など）を伴って2語以上のカタマリになるときは、名詞の後ろに置いて修飾する。これを後置修飾といって、長文でよく出てくる形だよ。
現在分詞の例では「The girl playing the piano is my sister.（ピアノを弾いている少女は私の妹です）」がある。「playing the piano」が2語以上のカタマリなので「the girl」の後ろに置くんだ。
過去分詞だと「This is a letter written in English.（これは英語で書かれた手紙です）」みたいになる。「written in English」がカタマリなので「a letter」の後ろに置くよ。
長文のカギ！ 2語以上の分詞句は名詞の後ろ。この形が読解問題でよく出るから、しっかり慣れておこう。
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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練習問題と文の作り方
分詞を使うと、関係代名詞を使わなくても文を簡潔にできるんだ。2つの文を1つにまとめる練習をしてみよう。
例題1：「I know the girl. She is talking with Mr. Tanaka.」を1つにする場合。共通する名詞は「the girl」で、2文目が説明している。女の子が「話している」側（能動）なので、現在分詞「talking」を使って「I know the girl talking with Mr. Tanaka.」になるよ。
例題2：「The cake was delicious. It was made by my mother.」の場合。ケーキは「作られた」側（受動）なので、過去分詞「made」を使って「The cake made by my mother was delicious.」になる。
文法のコツ！ 修飾される名詞を主語にして、「〜する」なら現在分詞、「〜される」なら過去分詞と考えよう。
Sign up to see the contentIt's free!
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テストのポイントと注意点
感情を表す動詞（excite, surprise, interest, boreなど）は特に注意が必要だよ。-ing形は人を「〜させる」（原因）、-ed形は人が「〜させられる」（感情）を表すんだ。
「This is an exciting game.（これは人をワクワクさせる試合だ）」と「I am excited.（私はワクワクしている）」の違いをしっかり理解しよう。前者は試合が原因、後者は私の感情状態を表している。
進行形や受動態との違いも大切。「The baby is sleeping.」は進行形で動詞の働き、「a sleeping baby」は分詞で形容詞の働きをしているよ。
最終チェック！ 1語なら名詞の前、2語以上なら名詞の後ろ。そして能動なら-ing、受動なら過去分詞。この基本パターンを覚えれば完璧だ！
We thought you’d never ask...
What is the Knowunity AI companion?
Our AI companion is specifically built for the needs of students. Based on the millions of content pieces we have on the platform we can provide truly meaningful and relevant answers to students. But its not only about answers, the companion is even more about guiding students through their daily learning challenges, with personalised study plans, quizzes or content pieces in the chat and 100% personalisation based on the students skills and developments.
Where can I download the Knowunity app?
You can download the app in the Google Play Store and in the Apple App Store.
Is Knowunity really free of charge?
That's right! Enjoy free access to study content, connect with fellow students, and get instant help – all at your fingertips.
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Most popular content in 英語表現
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4.6/5
App Store
4.7/5
Google Play
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user
The app is very easy to use and well designed. I have found everything I was looking for so far and have been able to learn a lot from the presentations! I will definitely use the app for a class assignment! And of course it also helps a lot as an inspiration.
Stefan S
iOS user
This app is really great. There are so many study notes and help [...]. My problem subject is French, for example, and the app has so many options for help. Thanks to this app, I have improved my French. I would recommend it to anyone.
Samantha Klich
Android user
Wow, I am really amazed. I just tried the app because I've seen it advertised many times and was absolutely stunned. This app is THE HELP you want for school and above all, it offers so many things, such as workouts and fact sheets, which have been VERY helpful to me personally.
Anna
iOS user
I think it’s very much worth it and you’ll end up using it a lot once you get the hang of it and even after looking at others notes you can still ask your Artificial intelligence buddy the question and ask to simplify it if you still don’t get it!!! In the end I think it’s worth it 😊👍 ⚠️Also DID I MENTION ITS FREEE YOU DON’T HAVE TO PAY FOR ANYTHING AND STILL GET YOUR GRADES IN PERFECTLY❗️❗️⚠️
Thomas R
iOS user
Knowunity is the BEST app I’ve used in a minute. This is not an ai review or anything this is genuinely coming from a 7th grade student (I know 2011 im young) but dude this app is a 10/10 i have maintained a 3.8 gpa and have plenty of time for gaming. I love it and my mom is just happy I got good grades
Brad T
Android user
Not only did it help me find the answer but it also showed me alternative ways to solve it. I was horrible in math and science but now I have an a in both subjects. Thanks for the help🤍🤍
David K
iOS user
The app's just great! All I have to do is enter the topic in the search bar and I get the response real fast. I don't have to watch 10 YouTube videos to understand something, so I'm saving my time. Highly recommended!
Sudenaz Ocak
Android user
In school I was really bad at maths but thanks to the app, I am doing better now. I am so grateful that you made the app.
Greenlight Bonnie
Android user
I found this app a couple years ago and it has only gotten better since then. I really love it because it can help with written questions and photo questions. Also, it can find study guides that other people have made as well as flashcard sets and practice tests. The free version is also amazing for students who might not be able to afford it. Would 100% recommend
Aubrey
iOS user
Best app if you're in Highschool or Junior high. I have been using this app for 2 school years and it's the best, it's good if you don't have anyone to help you with school work.😋🩷🎀
Marco B
iOS user
THE QUIZES AND FLASHCARDS ARE SO USEFUL AND I LOVE Knowunity AI. IT ALSO IS LITREALLY LIKE CHATGPT BUT SMARTER!! HELPED ME WITH MY MASCARA PROBLEMS TOO!! AS WELL AS MY REAL SUBJECTS ! DUHHH 😍😁😲🤑💗✨🎀😮
Elisha
iOS user
This app is phenomenal down to the correct info and the various topics you can study! I greatly recommend it for people who struggle with procrastination and those who need homework help. It has been perfectly accurate for world 1 history as far as I’ve seen! Geometry too!
Paul T
iOS user